Copyright and Originality: Navigating the Grey Areas

Isicelo se-Content ID akusona isiteleka se-copyright (copyright strike), futhi ukudidanisa lokhu kokubili kuyiphutha lokuqala elenziwa abadali abaningi. Isicelo (claim) sisho ukuthi isistimu ithole ingoma noma isiqeshana sevidiyo efana neyakho kanti umnikazi wamalungelo unqume ukuthi kwenzekani ngayo, imvamisa bafaka izikhangiso bese bazigcinela imali, kanti ividiyo yakho ihlala ikhona. Isiteleka (strike) sisho ukuthi umuntu ufake isicelo esisemthethweni sokuyisusa, ividiyo yakho iyasuswa, futhi isiteshi sakho manje sesisele ngeziteleka ezimbili kuphela ngaphambi kokuba sivalwe ngokuphelele. Okokuqala kuwuhlupho nje. Okwesibili kungakuqeda. Ukwethuka okuningi ezinkundleni zabadali kungenxa yabantu abasabela kokokuqala sengathi kokwesibili.

Enye into okungekho muntu okutshela yona ngokucacile: ukunikeza umdali udumo (credit) encazelweni yakho akuyona imvume. "Credit to the original artist" ayinalo neze isisindo esisemthethweni. Imvume yilaesense oyitholile noma ukuzivikela okusebenzayo emthethweni. Isixhumanisi (link) encazelweni akusona neze lezi zinto zombili. Uma kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule lapha, makube yila maqiniso amabili.

Ukuzihlangula okusheshayo, okushiwo kanye kuphela: Ngingumdali, angiyena ummeli, futhi akukho kulokhu okuyiseluleko sezomthetho. Yindlela engifunde ngayo ukugcina isiteshi sami singangeni enkingeni.

Uyini i-Content ID, futhi ingabe isicelo siyingozi?

I-Content ID yisistimu ye-YouTube ezenzakalelayo yokufanisa amafayela. Uma ulayisha, iskena ividiyo yakho iqhathanisa nesizindalwazi samafayela abanikazi bamalungelo abawanikeze i-YouTube, futhi uma ithola okufanayo, imizuzwana embalwa yengoma edumile, isiqeshana se-movie, ibeka isicelo (claim). Umnikazi wamalungelo usetha inqubomgomo kusengaphambili, ngakho isicelo singenza eyodwa yezinto ezintathu: ukwenza imali ngevidiyo yakho (bathatha imali yezikhangiso), ukuyivimba kwamanye amazwe noma kuwo wonke, noma nje ukulandelela ukubukwa kwayo. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngesifunda, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi ividiyo idlala kahle kuwe kodwa ivinjwe kumbukeli kwelinye izwe.

Isicelo se-Content ID, ngokwaso, asisilimazi isiteshi sakho. I-YouTube ikusho ngokuqondile lokhu: izicelo zihlukile ezicelweni zokususa ngenxa ye-copyright neziteleka. Ngeke ulahlekelwe yisiteshi sakho ngenxa yesicelo. Ungase ulahlekelwe yimali kuleyo vidiyo eyodwa, futhi ungaphikisa isicelo uma ukholelwa ukuthi sinephutha. Ukulimala okuvela ezicelweni kungokwezezimali, hhayi ukuthi isiteshi sakho sizovalwa.

Siyini isiteleka se-copyright, futhi ngingathola ezingaki?

Isiteleka se-copyright (copyright strike) yilokho okutholayo lapha umnikazi wamalungelo efaka isicelo esisemthethweni sokususa ividiyo yakho bese i-YouTube iyayisusa. Lokhu kubucayi kakhulu. Iziteleka ze-copyright ezintathu phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-90 zenza ukuthi isiteshi sakho, kanye nazo zonke iziteshi ezixhumene naso, zivalwe ngokuphelele. Akusona isixwayiso, akukhona ukwehliswa kwesikhundla. Siyavalwa nje.

Amaqiniso ambalwa okufanele uwazi kahle, ngoba yiwona aguqula indlela owenza ngayo izinto:

Isiteleka esisodwa siphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-90, kodwa kuphela uma uqeda i-Copyright School (isifundo esifushane se-YouTube) futhi uneziteleka ezingaphansi kwezintathu. Uma usishaya indiva singahlala lapho. Uma isicelo sokususa besihlelelwe isikhathi esizayo kunokuba sibe khona ngaleso sikhathi, uvame ukuba nethuba lezinsuku ezi-7 lokususa ividiyo ngokwakho ukuze ugweme ukufika kwesiteleka, ngakho funda i-imeyili esikhundleni sokwethuka nokuyiziba. Futhi iziteleka kufanele zifike phakathi kwesikhathi esifanayo sezinsuku ezingama-90 ukuze zihlanganiswe zikuvalise isiteshi; iziteleka ezimbili ezihlukane ngezinyanga ezine akuyona inkinga efanayo neziteleka ezimbili evikini elilodwa.

Isifundo silula. Thatha isicelo (claim) njengokungaboni ngaso linye ngebhili. Thatha isiteleka (strike) njengomlilo ovuthayo.

Yini ngempela ebalwa njenge-fair use?

I-fair use iyindlela yokuzivikela esemthethweni oyisebenzisayo ngemva kokuba usumangalelwe, akuyona ibhokisi olithikha ngaphambi kokulayisha. Lowo mehluko ukhubekisa izinkulungwane zabadali ngonyaka. Awunayo "i-fair use." Uphikisana ngayo, phambi kwejaji, futhi ungase wehlulwe. Ngakho umbuzo ongokoqobo akuyona "ingabe lokhu kuyi-fair use," kodwa uthi "lokhu kuqhelelene kangakanani nezinto izinkantolo ezizivikele ngaphambilini."

Inhliziyo yalokhu kuzivikela ukuthi ingabe umsebenzi wakho uyi-transformative, ukuthi ufake incazelo entsha, hhayi nje ukuhlanganisa kabusha. Ukulayisha kabusha isigcawu se-movie nge-4K akuyona i-transformative; ukopishe nje. Ukumisa leso sigcawu ukuze uchaze ukukhanya, ukuhlelwa kwabalingisi, ukuthi kungani ukuhlelwa kwevidiyo kusebenza kahle, lokho ukwengeza okuthile inkantolo engakubona njengokusha. Lapho umsebenzi wakho uba mningi kakhulu kuvidiyo, kulapho uba namandla kakhulu okuzivikela.

Yingakho amavidiyo we-reaction athule eyingozi. Ukuhlala ekhoneni le-frame ngenkathi kudlala ividiyo egcwele, ungasho lutho, akuyona neze i-transformative, ufake i-webcam kuphela, hhayi ingxoxo. Abadali abasinda kuma-reaction yilabo abaphazamisa ngempela, bahlaziye, futhi baguqule lokho okushiwo yisiqeshana. Labo abathola izicelo neziteleka yilabo abavele baphinde basakaze ividiyo yomunye umuntu.

Ingabe ukusebenzisa umculo onamalungelo (copyrighted music) kulungile ngandlela-thile?

Kuphela uma unelaesense yawo. Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke ukukhokhela ilabhulari yomculo, i-Epidemic Sound, i-Artlist, ne-Musicbed zonke zinikeza abadali amalaesense ezingoma, futhi ukubhalisa kushodile ngenyanga kuneyunithi eyodwa yesikhathi sommeli. Sebenzisa umculo ogunyaziwe ukuba uwusebenzise futhi lonke lolu hlobo lwenkinga luzonyamalala.

Umsibe wukusebenzisa umculo "ongena-copyright" ovela eziteshini ezingaziwa nasezingosini zokulanda. Ingozi yangempela lapha yisicelo esibuyela emuva (retroactive claim): ingoma eyayimahhala ngenkathi uyisebenzisa ibhaliswa ku-Content ID kamuva, futhi ngokuzuma yonke ividiyo oyifake kuyo ithola isicelo. Awenzanga lutho olubi ngesikhathi ulayisha kodwa namanje usalahlekelwa yimali. Namathela kulabhulari ekhokhelwayo noma i-Audio Library ye-YouTube uqobo, gcina irekhodi lalaesense yakho, futhi ungakhi umsindo wakho ngesithembiso somuntu ongamazi.

Ingabe isicelo se-copyright sizokhinyabeza ukukhula kwesiteshi sami?

Isicelo se-Content ID silimaza kakhulu isikhwama sakho semali, hhayi ukufika kwakho kubantu, umnikazi wamalungelo uthatha imali yezikhangiso, kodwa ividiyo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi isiteshi sakho sihlala sihlanzekile. Isiteleka se-copyright yisona esikhinyabeza ukukhula, ngoba ividiyo esusiwe ihamba nesikhathi sayo sokubukwa (watch time), amazwana, nomfutho wayo, kanti isiteshi esivaliwe sihamba nakho konke. Amavidiyo avinjwe ezifundeni athile ayisimo esiphakathi nendawo: ividiyo iyasinda kodwa ilahlekelwa ngababukeli bezwe lonke, okungase kuthibe izibalo zomhlaba jikelele zevidiyo obekumele ngenye indlela isebenze kahle.

Ngakho-ke izibalo zokukhula zihambisana nezibalo zomthetho. Gwema iziteleka ngazo zonke izindlela. Phikisa noma amukela izicelo kuye ngokuthi ingabe imali oyitholayo ikufanele yini ukulwa. Futhi yazi ukuthi ukukhula okuhlanzekile kuvela emavidiyweni okungekho muntu ongafaka isicelo kuwo, lawo amaningi awo abonisa ubuso bakho, izwi lakho, nezithombe zakho uqobo.

Originality is the real defense

Indlela ethembekile yokungaze ucabange nganoma yini kulokhu ukwenza umsebenzi okunzima ukufaka isicelo kuwo kwasekuqaleni. Uma u-90% wevidiyo kunguwe, ikhamera yakho, ukuhlaziya kwakho, indaba yakho, akukho neze okungafaniswa isistimu noma ummeli. Isiteshi esakhelwe phezu kweziqeshana zabanye abantu sakhiwe emhlabeni owuqashile kumuntu ongakuxosha ngosuku ashintsha ngalo umqondo wakhe. Isiteshi esakhelwe phezu kwezithombe zakho siqu ngumhlaba wakho uqobo.

Lokho akusona isifundo sokuziphatha, kodwa kumayelana nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngibone iziteshi zeziqeshana ezinababhalisile abayizinkulungwane ezamakhulu zinyamalala ngempelasonto eyodwa ngoba umnikazi wamalungelo oyedwa ethatha izinto njengezibalulekile. Iziteshi ezihamba kancane, ezinomsebenzi wokuqala zisasekhona. Umsebenzi wakho uqobo uwukuphela kwempahla kulo mdlalo engeke ithathwe muntu.

Lapho i-VidSeeds.ai ingena khona, nalapho ingangeni khona

Ake ngithembeke ngomkhawulo, ngoba lolu uhlobo lwe-post lapho ithuluzi lithengiswa khona ngokweqile. I-VidSeeds.ai akulona ithuluzi le-copyright. Ayicacisi umculo, ayitholi ukufana kwe-Content ID, futhi ngeke ikutshele ukuthi isiqeshana siyi-fair use yini noma cha. Noma ubani othi isoftware yenza lokho ukuthengisela isiqiniseko esingekho.

Lokho ekwenzayo wuhlangothi lwe-metadata yomsebenzi wakho uqobo. Ngaphambi kokuba ulayishe, ihlaziya ividiyo yakho yangempela, inkulumo, izigcawu, incazelo, bese ibhala isihloko, incazelo, amathegi, izahluko, nesithombe esincane (thumbnail) esivela ezithombeni zakho, se-YouTube futhi, uma ushicilela lapho, i-TikTok, i-Instagram, i-Facebook, i-LinkedIn, ne-X ngezilimi ezingama-85. Ubuyekeza futhi uhlele konke ngaphambi kokuba noma yini ishicilelwe. Ikusiza ukuba upakishe umsebenzi wakho uqobo owenzile; ayenzi umsebenzi obolekiwe ukuba uphephe. Ihlukile futhi izimele ku-vidIQ ne-TubeBuddy, futhi ungaqala mahhala ngama-Seeds angama-50, alikho ikhadi elidingekayo. Uma ufuna ukubona uhlangothi lwe-metadata, yilowo video optimization workflow.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe isicelo se-Content ID siyafana nesiteleka se-copyright?

Cha. Isicelo se-Content ID senzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, isistimu ifanise izinto ezinamalungelo futhi umnikazi wamalungelo uvame ukwenza imali, ukuvimba, noma ukulandelela ividiyo yakho, ehlala ikhona. Isiteleka se-copyright siwukususa okusemthethweni okwenziwa ngesandla okususa ividiyo yakho. Iziteleka ezintathu ezinsukwini ezingama-90 zingavala isiteshi sakho; izicelo azikaze zivale isiteshi ngokwazo.

Iziteleka ze-copyright ezingaki ezingenza isiteshi sami sivalwe?

Iziteleka ze-copyright ezintathu phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-90 zenza isiteshi sakho, nanoma yiziphi iziteshi ezixhumene naso, zivalwe ngokuphelele. Isiteleka esisodwa siphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingama-90 uma uqeda i-Copyright School futhi uneziteleka ezingaphansi kwezintathu. Iziteleka ezihlukene kakhulu ngesikhathi azihlanganiseki ngendlela efanayo neziningi ezifika ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ingabe ukunikeza umdali udumo kwenza kube semthethweni ukusebenzisa okuqukethwe kwakhe?

Cha. Ukufaka "credit to the original creator" encazelweni yakho akunamphumela wezomthetho. Udinga ilaesense yangempela, noma ukusetshenziswa okubalwa njenge-fair use. Udumo luwukuhlonipha nje, akuyona imvume.

Ngingayisebenzisa ingoma enamalungelo uma ngiyithenga kulabhulari yomculo?

Yebo, amalabhulari abadali akhokhelwayo afana ne-Epidemic Sound, i-Artlist, ne-Musicbed anikeza amalaesense omculo ozowusebenzisa emavidiyweni akho, okuyilokho kanye okukhokhelayo. Gwema izingoma "ezingena-copyright" ezivela eziteshini ezingaziwa, njengoba ezinye zibhaliswa ku-Content ID kamuva bese zifaka izicelo emavidiyweni akho emuva kwesikhathi.

Ingabe okuqukethwe kwe-reaction kuyi-fair use?

Kwesinye isikhathi, kodwa kuncike ekutheni kuyi-transformative kangakanani. Ukudlala ividiyo egcwele yomunye umuntu uthule kwengeza okuncane kakhulu futhi kuyingozi enkulu. Ukumisa ngempela, ukuhlaziya, nokushintsha lokho okushiwo yisiqeshana wuhlobo lokuhlaziya izinkantolo ezivame ukuzivikela, nakuba i-fair use ihlale iphikiswana ngayo kuye ngamacala, ayikaze iqinisekiswe kusengaphambili.